The first leg will be played at Anfield on Thursday April 11 and the return fixture in Bergamo on Thursday 18th April (kick-off times to be confirmed).
The Reds last faced the Serie A club in the Champions League in 20/21, winning 5-0 in Italy and losing 2-0 at Anfield.
“Tricky. Atalanta, we played there before,” said Jurgen Klopp of the draw.
“It’s now not that I watched them since then 500 times but still the same manager, I’m pretty sure a similar structure – which means uncomfortable to play against, very well organised.
“But it’s quarter-finals, I didn’t expect – it was not possible actually with all the teams involved – any easy opponent.
“Very interesting, I’m really looking forward to it, let’s see what we can do. But a lot of respect for what Atalanta is doing in the last years, very consistent. Good.”
Full draw
AC Milan v Roma
Liverpool v Atalanta
Bayer Leverkusen v West Ham
Benfica v Marseille
Semi-finals draw
Benfica or Marseille v Liverpool or Atalanta
AC Milan or Roma v Bayer Leverkusen or West Ham